Study of Autocorrelations for Performance Conststency

Psycholog

Idiographic Analysis of Production Behavior

Psycholog

Machine learning methods as an aid in planning orthodontic treatment on the example of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography analysis: a literature review

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are used in many areas of computer vision, such as object tracking and recognition, security, military, and biomedical image analysis. In this work, we describe the current methods, the architectures of deep convolutional neural networks used in CBCT. Literature from 2000-2020 from the PubMed database, Google Scholar, was analyzed. Account has been taken of publications in English that describe architectures of deep convolutional neural networks used in CBCT. The results of the reviewed studies indicate that deep learning methods employed in orthodontics can be far superior in comparison to other high-performing algorithms

Early structural and functional defects in synapses and myelinated axons in stratum lacunosum moleculare in two preclinical models for tauopaty

The stratum lacunosum moleculare (SLM) is the connection hub between entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, two brain regions that are most vulnerable in Alzheimer’s disease. We recently identified a specific synaptic deficit of Nectin-3 in transgenic models for tauopathy. Here we defined cognitive impairment and electrophysiological problems in the SLM of Tau.P301L mice, which corroborated the structural defects in synapses and dendritic spines. Reduced diffusion of DiI from the ERC to the hippocampus indicated defective myelinated axonal pathways. Ultrastructurally, myelinated axons in the temporoammonic pathway (TA) that connects ERC to CA1 were damaged in Tau.P301L mice at young age. Unexpectedly, the myelin defects were even more severe in bigenic biGT mice that co-express GSK3β with Tau.P301L in neurons. Combined, our data demonstrate that neuronal expression of protein Tau profoundly affected the functional and structural organization of the entorhinal-hippocampal complex, in particular synapses and myelinated axons in the SLM. White matter pathology deserves further attention in patients suffering from tauopathy and Alzheimer’s disease

Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

MicroRNA-30c als Biomarker im Liquor cerebrospinalis zur Unterscheidung zwischen primären und sekundären Lymphomen des zentralen Nervensystems

Primäre und sekundäre ZNS-Lymphome differieren in Prognose und Therapie, können histologisch allerdings nicht voneinander unterschieden werden. Die miRNA-Expression im Liquor cerebrospinalis von Patienten mit einem primären und sekundären ZNS-Lymphom wurde mittels miRNA-Arrays untersucht und die miRNA mit der am stärksten differenzierten Expression, miR-30c, an einer größeren Kohorte validiert. Mittels eines $\textit {in silico}$ Zielgenvorhersage-Algorithmus ("miRanda") wurde ein potentielles Zielgen für miR-30c ermittelt. MiR-30c wies ein signifikant differentes Expressionsverhalten in beiden Gruppen auf und zeigte im Liquor cerebrospinalis von Pat. mit SZNSL signifikant höhere Werte als bei PZNSL-Patienten (p < 0.001). Die Sensitivität und Spezifität von miR-30c als diagnostischer Biomarker wurde mit 92,7 % bzw. 83,7 % bestimmt. Die Ergebnisse suggerieren das Potential von miR-30c als Biomarker im Liquor für die Unterscheidung zwischen primären und sekundären ZNS- Lymphomen

High-density surface electromyography maps after computer-aided training in individual with congenital transverse deficiency: a case study

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether computer-aided training (CAT) of motor tasks would increase muscle activity and change its spatial distribution in a patient with a bilateral upper-limb congenital transverse deficiency. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it demonstrates the usefulness of CAT in promoting the neuromuscular adaptation in people with congenital limb deficiencies and altered body image. Case presentation: The patient with bilateral upper-limb congenital transverse deficiency and the healthy control subject performed 12 weeks of the CAT. The subject’s task was to imagine reaching and grasping a book with the hand. Subjects were provided a visual animation of that movement and sensory feedback to facilitate the mental engagement to accomplish the task. High-density electromyography (HD-EMG; 64-electrode) were collected from the trapezius muscle during a shrug isometric contraction before and after 4, 8, 12 weeks of the training. After training, we observed in our patient changes in the spatial distribution of the activation, and the increased average intensity of the EMG maps and maximal force. Conclusions: These results, although from only one patient, suggest that mental training supported by computergenerated visual and sensory stimuli leads to beneficial changes in muscle strength and activity. The increased muscle activation and changed spatial distribution of the EMG activity after mental training may indicate the training-induced functional plasticity of the motor activation strategy within the trapezius muscle in individual with bilateral upper-limb congenital transverse deficiency. Marked changes in spatial distribution during the submaximal contraction in the patient after training could be associated with changes of the neural drive to the muscle, which corresponds with specific (unfamiliar for patient) motor task. These findings are relevant to neuromuscular functional rehabilitation in patients with a bilateral upper-limb congenital transverse deficiency especially before and after upper limb transplantation and to development of the EMG based prosthesesPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version